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The distance of cable transmission has always been the most frequently asked question by people with weak currents. We deal with cables every day. Only by knowing the use of cables can we be handy in projects. In this issue, we will summarize the commonly used cable transmission distances.
Here is a brief introduction to the network cable. Everyone is familiar with the network cable. According to different specifications of the network cable, there are different transmission distances. The network cable is transmitting the network signal. If it exceeds the distance that the network cable itself can bear, the signal will attenuate. In severe cases, the network signal will be interrupted.
Category 5 and Category 6 are 100 meters long, and regular oxygen-free copper Category 6 lines can reach about 120 meters. If you want to increase the transmission distance, you can install a repeater between two sections of twisted pair, and you can install up to 4 intermediate lines. Repeater. If 4 repeaters are installed to connect 5 network segments, the maximum transmission distance can reach 500m.
The transmission distance of the network cable is limited and cannot solve long-distance data transmission, so optical fiber can be used for long-distance transmission.
Fiber is divided into multi-mode and single-mode. The transmission distance of multi-mode is longer than that of network cable, but shorter than that of single-mode.
In 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet, multimode fiber can support a transmission distance of up to 2000 meters;
In a 1Gbps Gigabit network, multimode fiber can support a transmission distance of up to 550 meters;
So multimode is used less now.
Compared with multimode fiber, single-mode fiber can support a longer transmission distance. From 100Mbps Ethernet to 1G Gigabit network, single-mode fiber can support a transmission distance of more than 5000m.
The components used in single-mode optical modules are twice that of multi-mode optical modules, so the overall cost of single-mode optical modules is higher than that of multi-mode optical modules; the transmission distance of single-mode optical modules can reach 150 to 200km.
Therefore, optical fiber can be used for long-distance transmission, such as remote monitoring projects.
3. HDMI cable
HDMI high-definition multimedia interface, generally used on high-definition monitors, can be connected to hdmi monitors and monitors, and now many network boxes can also be connected to TVs through cables to transmit audio and video signals.
The general HDMI signal transmission is less than 30 meters, so the maximum transmission distance for the average quality wire is about 15 meters.
So how does HDMI transmit over long distances?
1. You can use a conversion extender
The HDMI signal does not pass through other equipment (transmission 120 meters).
Generally, HDMI signals cannot be directly transmitted to more than 30 meters with HDMI cables, and there are almost no finished HDMI cables longer than 30 meters on the market.
In this case, if the HDMI signal is simply transmitted to the display device, and the HDMI signal does not pass through other devices, we can use the network cable to extend the signal, and use the HDMI network cable extender to extend the signal. The HDMI network cable extender is divided into sending End (HDMI input, network cable output) and receiving end (network cable input, HDMI output), can be extended by 100 meters (category 5 network cable), 120 meters (category 6 network cable).
2. HDMI fiber optic extender
Of course, if you need to transmit farther, you can also use an HDMI fiber optic extender.
There are many ways to extend HDMI, and HDMI fiber optic cable can also be used, which can be used according to the actual situation.
4. DVI
DVI is a digital video interface, the general DVI cable can only effectively transmit the signal about 5 meters, and the signal will be attenuated if it exceeds 5 meters. This shortcoming greatly limits the popularization and application of DVI equipment.
DVI-D can only receive digital signals; DVI-I can receive digital signals and analog signals at the same time, and the transmission distance is short, 7-15M.
5. VGA cable
The VGA cable transmits an analog signal, which is a data transmission line that connects a computer graphics card to a monitor or a TV, and uses this to transmit information. It is responsible for outputting corresponding image signals to the display, and is a bridge between the computer and the display. It has been widely used in the field of color display, but it is easy to attenuate, the transmission distance is short, and it is easy to be interfered. But its transmission distance is stronger than HDMI and DVI, and its 3+4/6VGA transmission distance is 20-40M.
6. RS232 and RS485
1. RS232:
The transmission distance of RS232 is limited, the standard value of the maximum transmission distance is 15 meters, and it can only communicate point-to-point, and the maximum transmission rate is up to 20kB/s.
2. RS485:
The maximum transmission distance of RS485 is 1219 meters. The maximum transmission rate is 10Mbps, and the maximum communication distance can only be achieved at a transmission rate of 100Kb/S.
The special cable with impedance matching and low attenuation can reach 1800 meters! More than 1200 meters, you can add repeaters (up to 8), so that the transmission distance is close to 10Km.
7. USB cable
The abbreviation of usb (Universal Serial Bus) is an external bus standard used to regulate the connection and communication between computers and external devices. It is an interface technology applied in the PC field. The USB interface supports the plug-and-play and hot-swap functions of the device.
The effective distance specified by the USB protocol is 5 meters, and a longer USB extension cable can be used, and the quality of the cable is better. Poor quality USB extension cables can't reach 5 meters.
Of course, if you want to transmit the USB cable for a long distance, you can also use an extender.
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Xiamen Rongfeng Electrical Equipment Co., Ltd. is located in Xiamen, Fujian Province. Its business scope covers East China, South China, North China, Southwest China and other parts of the world. Main DCS control system spare parts, PLC system spare parts and robot system spare parts, advantage brand: Allen Bradley, Bently Nevada, abb, Emerson ovation, Honeywell DCS, Siemens. Rockwell ICS Triplex、FOXBORO、Schneider PLC、GE Fanuc, Motorola, hima, prosoft and other imported industrial parts, the company always adheres to the business philosophy of "integrity, efficiency, win-win and innovation", and serves every new and old customer with the working attitude of "quality assurance, honest service, customer first", relying on competitive product prices, huge inventory and excellent quality, Fast delivery time and full range of pre-sale consultation, after-sales service, continue to provide customers with high-quality products, the main products are widely used in electronics, metallurgy, chemical industry, power plant, steel plant, rubber, cement, mechanical equipment, construction and other industries.
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Westinghouse (Westinghouse): OVATION system, WDPF system, MAX1000 system spare parts.
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11：Woodward (Woodward): SPC valve position controller, PEAK150 digital controller.
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